Semiotics, Signs and Signifiers

What is semiotics and how does it help us analyse and understand representations in the media? 

The study of signs/signals and their significance of understanding what they represent within a media product which helps us to analyse and understand why certain things are put in place.

What are media signs and signifiers? 

In semiotics, a sign communicates a meaning that is not the sign itself to the interpreter of the sign. The meaning can be intentional or unintentional.

The sign is the object or thing being seen. The signifier is the physical existence (sound/word/image) and the signified is the mental concept.

What key signs and signifiers can be seen in episode one of each of the set products? 

One signifier is the use of darkness which can be interpreted into the horror genre in which there are 3 key scenes. One being where Will gets taken by the 'antagonist' which sets the scene for a horror genre. Another scene is the opening with the stars and dark science lab where the lights are flickering which creates a mysterious tone with underlying tension from the unknown of the darkness which emphasises evil, mystery and fear.

Other signifiers in Stranger Things include the different houses, for example, Will has a small bungalow type house with little luxuries which can be interpreted into the idea that Will's family is quite poor, emphasising the reason for being in an 'outcast' group with his friends as they play dungeons and dragons which is seen as geeky as well as their clothing. This, as well as other signs such as the bullies at school, clearly shows that the main group that the audience follows are unpopular which is clearly established. In contrast to Will, Mike

How do these help to communicate messages and values about the individuals, social groups, social identities, events and issues conveyed in the dramas? 

What are connotations? How do the representations offered connote the same or different values, attitudes and ideological beliefs about the world? Why do we recognise these connotations? Are they reinforced across a wide range of media representations or do the representations offer new messages and values? 

Realism

Realism

What is realism and how is it different to reality? 

How can realism be defined? What is realism and why it is used by media producers?

 How conventional or important is realism in Long Form TV Drama and the drama’s success? 

How is the drama constructed - how do media producers construct realism? Which elements of media language enable constructed realism to claim to be ‘real’? 

How are the representations of individuals, social groups, social identities, events and issues constructed as real? Refer to specific examples.

Character Analysis

Joyce Byers

• Joyce is a major character, she is Will Byers mum who reports her son missing to Jim Hopper
• She conforms to the single parent stereotype, as she has to work long ours to support her family, as well as her eldest son having to work, to also help pay for things.
• Erratic, wants to find will, doesn't sleep, works hard
• She is Will's mum and reports him missing. She is constantly looking for him and doesn't stop until she finds him.

Jim Hopper

• Jim is a major character, as he is the sheriff of the town. He is in charge of the missing persons case (Will Byers).
• He conforms to the stereotype of the male gender.. lazy, negative, not emotional however, on the other hand he is the stereotype of a sheriff and initiates a search party for Will.
• Lazy, Does not look after himself, alone, want to find will, messy
• He is the sheriff in charge of Wills missing person case and has to use all methods to find him (that are in his power).

Mike Wheeler

• Major character, as he is one of the four main young characters. The TV series starts at Mike's house and they are playing a board game (dungeons and dragons).
• Conforms to the stereotype of a young boy, as he is curious and adventures and brave. He wants to find Will Byers and does not think that the adults have done anything.
• He is brave, young and wants to find out what happened to his friend, Will Byers.
• He is one of the five main kids in the television series, who is trying to find out what happened to Will Byers and why he is missing.

Dustin Henderson

• Major character, he is one of the four main young characters. He is in one of the first scenes of the TV series. he is seen playing a board game (dungeons and dragons) with the rest of the kids, in Mike Wheeler's house
• Conforms to the stereotype of a young boy, as he is curious and adventures and brave. He wants to find Will Byers and does not think that the adults have done anything.
• He is young,brave and follows what the rest of the boys do. He is worried about what consequences of the actions will have. However, he still wants to find Will and make sure that he is okay.
• He is one of the five main kids in the television series, who is trying to find out what happened to Will Byers and why he is missing.

Lucas Sinclair

• Major character, he is one of the four main young characters. He is in one of the first scenes of the TV series. he is seen playing a board game (dungeons and dragons) with the rest of the kids, in Mike Wheeler's house
• Conforms to the stereotype of a young boy, as he is curious and adventures and brave. He wants to find Will Byers and does not think that the adults have done anything.
• He is young,brave and follows what the rest of the boys do. He is worried about what consequences of the actions will have. However, he still wants to find Will and make sure that he is okay.
• He is one of the five main kids in the television series, who is trying to find out what happened to Will Byers and why he is missing.

Will Byers

• The main character, the whole television series is based on Will Byers being missing, therefore he is a major character and one of the most important. He is in one of the first scenes of the TV series. he is seen playing a board game (dungeons and dragons) with the rest of the kids, in Mike Wheeler's house.
• Conforms to the stereotype of a young boy, as he is curious and adventures and brave. He also cycles home by himself, which again shows that he is brave, even though he manages to go off of the road and run home, when something was following him.
• He is quite unique and mysterious. He also does not have much of a background, which is why it is confusing and mysterious why he was the only boy to have gone missing.
• He is the boy that went missing and everyone else is trying to find where he is and why he has gone.

Eleven

• Major main character, at the end of the episode the boys find her running though the forest and then it ends there,on a cliff hanger. 
• Counter-stereotype , shaved hair, perceived masculine 
• Supernatural, quiet, mysterious, scared, powerful
• Secondary story line for the narrative, eventually helps to look for Will, but only later on in the series.

Johnathan Byers

• Secondary main character 
• Stereotype of an older brother, out working, however emotional and concerned when Will disappears 
• Worried, helpful and sorrowful
• Is a secondary character to the narrative in relation to the main character

Nancy Wheeler

• She is not a major character in episode one, as she is part of a sub-plot
• Stereotype of an older sister and also a stereotype of a girl, wearing light colours, focusing on her education and not as much on boys (Steve Harrington).
• Rude to Dustin, kind to the people her age, has arguments with her brother.
• Her younger brother is Will Byers friend. Throughout the series she becomes more of a major character, than a secondary main character. Nancy contributes to the narrative more during the television series, rather than in the first episode, she becomes more involved with Will's missing persons case further along in the television series.

Steven Harrington

Barbara Holland

Benny Hammond

Scientists

They play a minor role in the first episode as they only really appear in the opening scene, but do play a big part in the way that they know what the audience don't in terms of the unknown being that has escaped.  

They are very stereo-typically 'scientists' as they even wear the white lab coats and identification cards, and the only setting they really appear in in the first episode is a lab/government facility, which makes the audience recognise that they are scientists. 

We only briefly see them so only get to see the stereotypical scientist persona of them all, but see them mainly as very smart and intuitive. 

 They set out the opening scene by showing a scientist running from the unknown monster and it leaves the audience in a position of ignorance as we don't know what this scientist is running from. This monster then goes on to abduct Will Byers which is the main story line of the episode.

Ted Wheeler

He is a relatively minor character and only really appears in the scene of the family dinner where he plays the character of the disinterested father.

He conforms to the Stereotypes of a father during the 80s due to his professional attire and big round glasses, but also holds the stereotype of a father in the 80s as he has little interest in anything but his life and tries to ignore what is going on in his children's.

Karen Wheeler

Deutschland 83: The Cold War

 The Cold War 

• The dispute was between the Soviet Union (USSR)and the US. It escalated due to antagonist values between the United States, representing capitalism and democracy, and the Soviet Union, representing communism and authoritarianism. 

• The war lasted from 1947 to 1991.

• States in the west much richer and those in the East had lower wages. More women work in the east than the west. The east also had less choice of food supplies in shops whereas the west had luxuries of global food such as fruit. There are also more migrants in the west of Germany. Because East Germany was inland, they did not have the access to imports that West Germany had. This resulted in different produce being available in one and not in the other.The East was also largely communist as the USSR had control over it, whilst the West was Capitalist. This meant that people would have been generally poorer in the East as wealth is shared equally in communist states, whilst the West would have been quite prosperous. Also, the East would have been under a dictatorship whilst the West would have been democratic.

• The NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) commenced a 10-day exercise codenamed Able Archer 83. It involved most of Western Europe and was directed from Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) at Casteau, Belgium. Able Archer was a complex simulation of a hypothetical war with the Warsaw Pact that included a series of fictional military exercises escalating to the launch of nuclear weapons